Factur-X and ZUGFeRD: the same format? The difference explained simply
A recurring question: is Factur-X a different format from ZUGFeRD? The short answer is reassuring: they are two names for essentially the same thing.
> Quick answer: Factur-X (France) and ZUGFeRD 2.x (Germany) are technically identical: a hybrid invoice consisting of a PDF/A-3 with embedded UN/CEFACT CII XML compliant with EN 16931. The difference lies only in the name and the country of origin – not in the format.
One format, two names
ZUGFeRD and Factur-X were developed jointly by the German (FeRD) and the French side. Since ZUGFeRD 2.x, the specifications have been harmonised so that a single file carries both designations. Anyone who generates a ZUGFeRD 2.x invoice is generating a Factur-X invoice at the same time.
| Feature | ZUGFeRD 2.x / Factur-X |
|---|---|
| Container | PDF/A-3 (visible PDF + embedded XML) |
| XML syntax | UN/CEFACT CII |
| Standard | EN 16931 |
| Origin | Germany (ZUGFeRD) / France (Factur-X) |
Why this is convenient for you
For cross-border exchange, this means you do not have to choose between two formats: an EN 16931 compliant ZUGFeRD file is also valid as Factur-X. All that still matters is the right profile (at least EN 16931).
How it differs from XRechnung
Do not confuse any of this with XRechnung: it is the German CIUS of EN 16931 and is often a pure UBL XML file (without a PDF container). ZUGFeRD/Factur-X, by contrast, is always the hybrid PDF/A-3 variant with CII.
Conclusion
Factur-X = ZUGFeRD 2.x. Do not let the two names confuse you – what matters is the standard (EN 16931), the syntax (CII), and the profile.
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TaxLayer produces ZUGFeRD 2.x / Factur-X (CII in PDF/A-3) and XRechnung (UBL). Questions to info@landauer.de.
Frequently asked questions
Are Factur-X and ZUGFeRD the same?
Yes. Factur-X (France) and ZUGFeRD (Germany, from version 2.x) are based on the same technical specification: a PDF/A-3 with embedded CII XML compliant with EN 16931. Only the name differs.
Can a French customer read a ZUGFeRD invoice?
As a rule, yes, since Factur-X and ZUGFeRD 2.x are technically the same. Make sure to use a compatible profile (at least EN 16931 / COMFORT).
Which syntax do Factur-X and ZUGFeRD use?
Both use UN/CEFACT CII as their XML syntax, embedded in a PDF/A-3. This distinguishes them from XRechnung, which is often a pure UBL XML. More on this: XRechnung UBL vs. CII.
Are there different profiles?
Yes. ZUGFeRD/Factur-X has several profiles (e.g. BASIC, EN 16931/COMFORT, EXTENDED). For a legally compliant e-invoice, at least the EN 16931 profile is relevant. See ZUGFeRD profiles explained.
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